Chapter 1- Outcomes- Based Education

CHAPTER 1

OUTCOMES BASED EDUCATION

This chapter talks about Outcomes Based Education that is anchored and focused on outcomes. According to CHED Memo 46.s. 2012, it mandates outcomes- based education (OBE) standards for higher education institutions. Then Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum or the K to 12 Curriculum of the Department of Education introduced: content standards, performance standards and competencies in the K to 12 Curriculum Guide. Before CHED and DepEd introduced competency standard, Technical Education Skills Development Authority (TESDA) used competency standards in its Training Regulations long before CHED talked about OBE and before DepEd introduced its K to 12 standards and competencies which is OBE also about competencies. OBE is a student-centered approach to education that focuses on the intended learning   outcomes resulting from instruction. It is an approach in planning, delivering and assessing instruction. It is concerned with planning instruction that is focused on outcomes, choosing the methodology that leads to the intended outcomes and an assessment process that determines the attainment of intended outcomes. Spady (1994) gave four basic learning principles of OBE 1.  Clarity of focus OBE 2.)Designing down 3.)High expectations and 4.) Expanded Opportunities.

OBE of course focus on the outcomes that are the end targets of this approach. Students develops through understanding of the lesson not only memory or recall and that he/she gives opportunities to students to extend and apply their learning and that’s what we called outcome. For OBE to succeed it must penetrate the whole system thus we have these outcomes in different levels beginning with institutional outcomes down to the learning outcomes. An institution offer more programs, each program has its own intended outcomes which are reflective of the institutional. Outcome the course/subject program outcomes are in turn supposed to contribute to the realization of the envisioned graduate of the institution.

Two approaches existing within Spady’s outcome-based education paradigm are traditional/translational OBE that emphasizes student master traditional subject-related academic outcomes (usually with a strong focus subject-specific content ) and some cross-discipline outcomes (such as the ability to solve problems or to work cooperative and transformational OBE emphasizes long-term, cross-curricular outcomes tha are related directly to students’ future life roles (such as being productive worker a responsible citizen or a parent). This means that OBE moves from subject-specific outcomes and cross discipline outcomes to long-term, cross-curricular outcomes that are directly related to students’ future life roles.

It is important that the teaching approach affect with the intended learning outcomes. What I learned in OBE is each student should have achieved the goal. There must be an outcome in all levels. There is specific teaching method in OBE but classes, opportunities, and assessments should all help students achieve the specified outcomes. Students will understand what is expected of them and teachers will know what they need to teach during the course. Clear understanding of what needs to be accomplished in each class. OBE is meant to be a learner-centered model. The main point of OBE is the student involvement in the classroom.

This approach can be applied if involves administrators, educators, parents and students. Both staff and students take responsibility for successful learning. Objectives have clarity or well defined. Students have the freedom but perform with high standard. Instructional levels are determined after complete assessment of student mastery. Students are given the opportunity to learn from others and learn in their own .There is an assessment from the learners and the teachers and should conduct continuously. There is a variety of time when it comes to the task given. Students are given the opportunity to work with core and alternative curriculum. Ensure that each students has the opportunity for his/her own success.